Causes of low self-esteem can include:
Disapproval from authority figures or parents. Emotionally distant parents. Sexual, physical, or emotional abuse.
Low self-esteem can develop from a variety of factors, but two main causes often stand out:
- Critical or unsupportive environments: This includes disapproval from authority figures, such as parents, teachers, or bosses. When children or even adults consistently face criticism, lack of encouragement, or high expectations that are difficult to meet, they may start to doubt their own abilities and value. Emotionally distant parenting can also contribute to this, as it might leave a person feeling unworthy of love and attention.
- Experiences of abuse: Enduring any form of abuse—be it sexual, physical, or emotional—can have profound effects on self-esteem. Such traumatic experiences can lead individuals to feel powerless, ashamed, and insecure. Victims may internalize the abuse as a reflection of their own worth, which severely impacts their self-image and confidence.
Both of these factors can severely affect an individual’s perception of themselves and their capabilities, often carrying these effects into adulthood unless addressed through supportive relationships, therapy, or personal growth efforts.